7. 'Utilities' in a chemical process plant includes compressed air, steam, water, electrical power, oxygen, acetylene, fuel gases etc. Utility costs for ordinary chemical process plants ranges roughly from __________ percent of the total product cost.
8. The total investment in a project is Rs. 10 lakhs and the annual profit is 1.5 lakhs. If the project life is 10 years, then the simple rate of return on investment is
9. The ratio of working capital to total capital investment for most chemical plants (except for non-seasonal based products) is in the range of __________ percent.