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- Question
You need to store elements in a collection that guarantees that no duplicates are stored and all elements can be accessed in natural order. Which interface provides that capability?
Options- A. java.util.Map
- B. java.util.Set
- C. java.util.List
- D. java.util.Collection
- Correct Answer
- java.util.Set
ExplanationOption B is correct. A set is a collection that contains no duplicate elements. The iterator returns the elements in no particular order (unless this set is an instance of some class that provides a guarantee). A map cannot contain duplicate keys but it may contain duplicate values. List and Collection allow duplicate elements.Option A is wrong. A map is an object that maps keys to values. A map cannot contain duplicate keys; each key can map to at most one value. The Map interface provides three collection views, which allow a map's contents to be viewed as a set of keys, collection of values, or set of key-value mappings. The order of a map is defined as the order in which the iterators on the map's collection views return their elements. Some map implementations, like the TreeMap class, make specific guarantees as to their order (ascending key order); others, like the HashMap class, do not (does not guarantee that the order will remain constant over time).
Option C is wrong. A list is an ordered collection (also known as a sequence). The user of this interface has precise control over where in the list each element is inserted. The user can access elements by their integer index (position in the list), and search for elements in the list. Unlike sets, lists typically allow duplicate elements.
Option D is wrong. A collection is also known as a sequence. The user of this interface has precise control over where in the list each element is inserted. The user can access elements by their integer index (position in the list), and search for elements in the list. Unlike sets, lists typically allow duplicate elements.
More questions
- 1. What will be the output of the program?
public class X { public static void main(String [] args) { try { badMethod(); System.out.print("A"); } catch (Exception ex) { System.out.print("B"); } finally { System.out.print("C"); } System.out.print("D"); } public static void badMethod() {} }
Options- A. AC
- B. BC
- C. ACD
- D. ABCD Discuss
Correct Answer: ACD
Explanation:
There is no exception thrown, so all the code with the exception of the catch statement block is run.- 2. Which of the following line of code is suitable to start a thread?
class X implements Runnable { public static void main(String args[]) { /* Missing code? */ } public void run() {} }
Options- A. Thread t = new Thread(X);
- B. Thread t = new Thread(X); t.start();
- C. X run = new X(); Thread t = new Thread(run); t.start();
- D. Thread t = new Thread(); x.run(); Discuss
Correct Answer: X run = new X(); Thread t = new Thread(run); t.start();
Explanation:
Option C is suitable to start a thread.- 3. What will be the output of the program?
try { Float f1 = new Float("3.0"); int x = f1.intValue(); byte b = f1.byteValue(); double d = f1.doubleValue(); System.out.println(x + b + d); } catch (NumberFormatException e) /* Line 9 */ { System.out.println("bad number"); /* Line 11 */ }
Options- A. 9.0
- B. bad number
- C. Compilation fails on line 9.
- D. Compilation fails on line 11. Discuss
Correct Answer: 9.0
Explanation:
The xxxValue() methods convert any numeric wrapper object's value to any primitive type. When narrowing is necessary, significant bits are dropped and the results are difficult to calculate.- 4. What will be the output of the program?
String a = "newspaper"; a = a.substring(5,7); char b = a.charAt(1); a = a + b; System.out.println(a);
Options- A. apa
- B. app
- C. apea
- D. apep Discuss
Correct Answer: app
Explanation:
Both substring() and charAt() methods are indexed with a zero-base, and substring() returns a String of length arg2 - arg1.- 5. Which statement is true?
Options- A. The notifyAll() method must be called from a synchronized context.
- B. To call wait(), an object must own the lock on the thread.
- C. The notify() method is defined in class java.lang.Thread.
- D. The notify() method causes a thread to immediately release its locks. Discuss
Correct Answer: The notifyAll() method must be called from a synchronized context.
Explanation:
Option A is correct because the notifyAll() method (along with wait() and notify()) must always be called from within a synchronized context.Option B is incorrect because to call wait(), the thread must own the lock on the object that wait() is being invoked on, not the other way around.
Option C is wrong because notify() is defined in java.lang.Object.
Option D is wrong because notify() will not cause a thread to release its locks. The thread can only release its locks by exiting the synchronized code.
- 6. Which statement is true?
class Test1 { public int value; public int hashCode() { return 42; } } class Test2 { public int value; public int hashcode() { return (int)(value^5); } }
Options- A. class Test1 will not compile.
- B. The Test1 hashCode() method is more efficient than the Test2 hashCode() method.
- C. The Test1 hashCode() method is less efficient than the Test2 hashCode() method.
- D. class Test2 will not compile. Discuss
Correct Answer: The Test1 hashCode() method is less efficient than the Test2 hashCode() method.
Explanation:
The so-called "hashing algorithm" implemented by class Test1 will always return the same value, 42, which is legal but which will place all of the hash table entries into a single bucket, the most inefficient setup possible.Option A and D are incorrect because these classes are legal.
Option B is incorrect based on the logic described above.
- 7. Assuming that the equals() and hashCode() methods are properly implemented, if the output is "x = 1111", which of the following statements will always be true?
x = 0; if (x1.hashCode() != x2.hashCode() ) x = x + 1; if (x3.equals(x4) ) x = x + 10; if (!x5.equals(x6) ) x = x + 100; if (x7.hashCode() == x8.hashCode() ) x = x + 1000; System.out.println("x = " + x);
Options- A. x2.equals(x1)
- B. x3.hashCode() == x4.hashCode()
- C. x5.hashCode() != x6.hashCode()
- D. x8.equals(x7) Discuss
Correct Answer: x3.hashCode() == x4.hashCode()
Explanation:
By contract, if two objects are equivalent according to the equals() method, then the hashCode() method must evaluate them to be ==.Option A is incorrect because if the hashCode() values are not equal, the two objects must not be equal.
Option C is incorrect because if equals() is not true there is no guarantee of any result from hashCode().
Option D is incorrect because hashCode() will often return == even if the two objects do not evaluate to equals() being true.
- 8. The static method Thread.currentThread() returns a reference to the currently executing Thread object. What is the result of this code?
class Test { public static void main(String [] args) { printAll(args); } public static void printAll(String[] lines) { for(int i = 0; i < lines.length; i++) { System.out.println(lines[i]); Thread.currentThread().sleep(1000); } } }
Options- A. Each String in the array lines will output, with a 1-second pause.
- B. Each String in the array lines will output, with no pause in between because this method is not executed in a Thread.
- C. Each String in the array lines will output, and there is no guarantee there will be a pause because currentThread() may not retrieve this thread.
- D. This code will not compile. Discuss
Correct Answer: This code will not compile.
Explanation:
D. The sleep() method must be enclosed in a try/catch block, or the method printAll() must declare it throws the InterruptedException.A is incorrect, but it would be correct if the InterruptedException was dealt with.
B is incorrect, but it would still be incorrect if the InterruptedException was dealt with because all Java code, including the main() method, runs in threads.
C is incorrect. The sleep() method is static, so even if it is called on an instance, it still always affects the currently executing thread.
- 9. Which answer most closely indicates the behavior of the program?
public class MyProgram { public static void throwit() { throw new RuntimeException(); } public static void main(String args[]) { try { System.out.println("Hello world "); throwit(); System.out.println("Done with try block "); } finally { System.out.println("Finally executing "); } } }
Options- A. The program will not compile.
- B. The program will print Hello world, then will print that a RuntimeException has occurred, then will print Done with try block, and then will print Finally executing.
- C. The program will print Hello world, then will print that a RuntimeException has occurred, and then will print Finally executing.
- D. The program will print Hello world, then will print Finally executing, then will print that a RuntimeException has occurred. Discuss
Correct Answer: The program will print Hello world, then will print Finally executing, then will print that a RuntimeException has occurred.
Explanation:
Once the program throws a RuntimeException (in the throwit() method) that is not caught, the finally block will be executed and the program will be terminated. If a method does not handle an exception, the finally block is executed before the exception is propagated.- 10. Which two code fragments will compile?
- interface Base2 implements Base {}
- abstract class Class2 extends Base
{ public boolean m1(){ return true; }} - abstract class Class2 implements Base {}
- abstract class Class2 implements Base
{ public boolean m1(){ return (7 > 4); }} - abstract class Class2 implements Base
{ protected boolean m1(){ return (5 > 7) }}
interface Base { boolean m1 (); byte m2(short s); }
Options- A. 1 and 2
- B. 2 and 3
- C. 3 and 4
- D. 1 and 5 Discuss
Correct Answer: 3 and 4
Explanation:
(3) is correct because an abstract class doesn't have to implement any or all of its interface's methods. (4) is correct because the method is correctly implemented ((7 > 4) is a boolean).(1) is incorrect because interfaces don't implement anything. (2) is incorrect because classes don't extend interfaces. (5) is incorrect because interface methods are implicitly public, so the methods being implemented must be public.
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- 1. What will be the output of the program?