Some boards are lanes + All lanes are roads = I + A = I = Some boards are roads ? Conversion ? Some roads are boards (I). Hence I follows. Some chips are boards + Some boards are lanes = I + I = No conclusion Hence II and IV does not follow. All papers are clips + Some chips are boards = I + A = No conclusion Hence II and IV does not follow.
Some kites are desks + All desks are jungles. = I + A = I = Some kites are jungles ? Conversion ? Some jungles are kites (I) Hence IV follows. some pencils are kites + Some jungles are kites = I + I = No conclusion Hence I and II does not follow. All desks are jungles + All jungles are mountains = A + A = A = All desks are mountains ? Conversion ? Some mountains are desks (I). Hence III follows.
All branches are nets + Some nets are dresses = A + I = No conclusion Hence I and IV does not follow. Some trains are branches ? conversion ? Some branches are trains (I) Hence III follows. Some trains are branches + All branches are nets = I + A = I = Some trains are nets ? conversion ? Some nets are trains (I) Hence II follows.
Some drums are posters + All posters are windows = I + A = I = Some drums are windows ? conversion ? Some windows are drums (I) Hence I follows. All posters are windows + Some windows are tablets = A + I = No conclusion Hence neither I or III follows.
All keys are balloons + Some balloons are mirrors = A + I = No conclusion Hence I does not follow. All chairs are keys + All keys are balloons = A + A = A = All chairs are balloons ? conversion ? Some balloons are chairs (I) Hence II follows. Some balloons are mirrors (I) ? conversion ? Some mirrors are balloons (I) Hence III follows.
Some cables are brushes + All brushes are paints ? conversion ? Some paints are cables (I) Hence I follows. All bulbs are wires (A) ? conversion ? Some wires are bulbs (I) Hence II follows. No wire is cable + Some cables are brushes = I + E = O* = Some brushers are not wires Hence III does not follow. All bulbs is cable ? conversion ? No cable is bulb (E) Hence IV does not follow.
A + I and I + I both result is no conclusion.
Some rings are doors + All doors are windows = I + A = I = Some rings are windows ? Conversion ? Some windows are rings(I) Hence II follows. All stones are hammers + No hammer is a ring = A + E = E No stones is a ring ? conversion ? No ring is a stone (E) Hence IV does not follows. No stone is a ring + Some rings are doors = E + I = O* = Some windows are not stones Hence either I or II follows as they form a complementary I-E pair.
All student of a particular class (without any exception) are bright. And, Sarla is not bright. Therefore, Sarla cannot be the student of that particular class.
None of the assumptions is valid. Assumption II is re-statement of the first statement.
(i) All cities are towns ? Universal Affirmative (A - type).
(ii) Some cities are villages ? Particular Affirmative (I - type).
(iii) No village is a town ? Universal Affirmative (E - type).
(iv) Some villages are not towns ? Particular Negative (O type).
Some villages are cities. ?All cities are towns.
I + A ?I - type of Conclusion "Some villages are towns".
This is Conclusion III.
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