First Premise is Particular Affirmative (I?type).
Second Premise is Universal Negative (E?type).
Some boys are men. ? No men is black.
I + E ? O ? type of Conclusion "Some boys are not black."
This is Conclusion I.
Conclusion II is the Converse of the first Premise.
Thus, both the Conclusions follow.
First Premise is Particular Affirmative (I-type)
Second Premise is Universal Affirmative (A-type).
Some schools are laboratories. ? All laboratories are theatres.
I + A ? I?type of Conclusion "Some schools are theatres".
Conclusion I is Converse of it.
All the three Premises are Universal Affirmative (A - type)
All clerks are superintendents. ? All superintendents are managers.
A + A ? A ? type of Conclusion ''All clerks are managers.''
Conclusion III is Converse of it.
All clerks are managers. ? All managers are supervisors.
A + A ? A ? type of Conclusion ''All clerk are supervisors.''
Conclusions II is its Implication.
All superintendents are managers. ? All managers are supervisors.
A + A ? A ? type of Conclusion ''All superintendents are supervisors.''
Conclusions II and III follow
Both the Premises are Universal Affirmative (A-type).
All books are trees. ? All trees are lions.
A + A ? A-type of Conclusion. ''All books are lions''.
This is Conclusion I.
Conclusion IV is converse of it.
Both the premises are Universal Affirmative (A-type).
All women are cats. ? All cats are rats.
A + A ? A-type of Conclusion "All women are rats."
This is Conclusion I.
First Premise is Universal Affirmative (A - type).
Second Premise is Particular Affirmative (I - type).
Some human beings are animals. ? All animals are birds.
I + A ? I-type of Conclusion "Some human beings are birds".
This is Conclusion I.
Conclusion II is converse of it.
No teacher comes to the school on a bicycle. Therefore, Anand cannot be a teacher. Anand is either student or clerical staff. Therefore, only Conclusion I follows.
Some clerks (not all) are poor and A is poor.
Therefore, it is not certain that A is a clerk. Thus, neither Conclusion I nor Conclusion II follows.
First Premise is Universal Affirmative (A-type).
Second Premise is Universal Negative (E-type).
All fish are tortoise. ? No tortoise is a crocodile.
A + E ? E - type of Conclusion "No fish is a crocodile".
This is Conclusion II.
Conclusion I is Converse of it.
First Premise is Universal Negative (E?type).
Second Premise is Universal Affirmative (A?type).
No pencil is eraser. ? All erasers are sharpeners.
E + A ? O1 ? type of Conclusion. "Some sharpeners are not pencils."
Venn diagrams
Therefore, neither Conclusion I nor Conclusion II follows.
First Premise is Universal Affirmative (A-type).
Some flowers are roses. ? All roses are yellow.
I + A ? I-type of Conclusion "Some flowers are yellow."
Conclusion I is the Implication of the first Premise.
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