First Premise is Universal Affirmative (A - type).
Second Premise is Particular Affirmative (I - type).
Some human beings are animals. ? All animals are birds.
I + A ? I-type of Conclusion "Some human beings are birds".
This is Conclusion I.
Conclusion II is converse of it.
Both the Premises are Particular Affirmative (I-type).
No Conclusion follows from the two Particular Premises.
Conclusion II is Converse of the second Premise.
Both the Premises are Universal Affirmative (A - type).
All players are educated. ? All educated are cultured.
A + A ? A?type of Conclusion "All players are cultured."
This is Conclusion I.
First Premise is Universal Affirmative (A-type).
Second Premise is Particular Affirmative (I-type).
All clerks are typists. ? Some typists are stenos.
A + I ?No Conclusion
Conclusions I and II form Complementary Pair. Therefore, either I or II follows.
Both the Premises are Universal Affirmative (A-type).
All goats are tigers. ? All tigers are lions.
A + A ? A-type of Conclusion
"All goats are lions."
Both the Premises are Universal Affirmative (A-type).
All files are numbered. ? All numbers are coded.
A + A ? A-type of Conclusion "All files are coded."
This is Conclusion I.
Both the premises are Universal Affirmative (A-type).
All women are cats. ? All cats are rats.
A + A ? A-type of Conclusion "All women are rats."
This is Conclusion I.
Both the Premises are Universal Affirmative (A-type).
All books are trees. ? All trees are lions.
A + A ? A-type of Conclusion. ''All books are lions''.
This is Conclusion I.
Conclusion IV is converse of it.
All the three Premises are Universal Affirmative (A - type)
All clerks are superintendents. ? All superintendents are managers.
A + A ? A ? type of Conclusion ''All clerks are managers.''
Conclusion III is Converse of it.
All clerks are managers. ? All managers are supervisors.
A + A ? A ? type of Conclusion ''All clerk are supervisors.''
Conclusions II is its Implication.
All superintendents are managers. ? All managers are supervisors.
A + A ? A ? type of Conclusion ''All superintendents are supervisors.''
Conclusions II and III follow
First Premise is Particular Affirmative (I-type)
Second Premise is Universal Affirmative (A-type).
Some schools are laboratories. ? All laboratories are theatres.
I + A ? I?type of Conclusion "Some schools are theatres".
Conclusion I is Converse of it.
First Premise is Particular Affirmative (I?type).
Second Premise is Universal Negative (E?type).
Some boys are men. ? No men is black.
I + E ? O ? type of Conclusion "Some boys are not black."
This is Conclusion I.
Conclusion II is the Converse of the first Premise.
Thus, both the Conclusions follow.
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