All dogs are goats + All goats are walls = A + A = A = All dogs are walls. (I) Hence I follows. Some cats are dogs + All dogs are walls = 1 + A = I = Some cats are wall ? conversion ? Some walls are cats. (I) Hence II follows.
All benches are cots (A) ? conversion ? Some cots are benches (I) Hence follows. No cot is lamp + Some lamps are candles = I + E = O* = Some candles are not cots Hence II does not follow.
Some syrups are medicines + All medicine are powder = I + A + I = Some syrups are powders.
Hence I follow. Some tablets are capsules + All capsules are syrups = I + A + I = Some tablets are syrups ? conversion ? Some syrups are tablets (I). Hence II follows.
All paintings are photographs + Some photographs are designs = A + I = No conclusion Hence I does not follow. Some photographs are designs + Some designs are movies = I + I = No conclusion Hence II does not follows.
All pots are rings + All rings are paints = A + A = A = All pots are paints ? conversion ? Some paints are pots (I) Hence I follows. All bangles are rings + All rings are paints = A + A = A = All bangles are paints ? implication ? Some bangles are paints (I) Hence II follows.
All goats are flowers + No flower is branch = 1 + A = E = E = No goat is branch + Some branches are roots = E + 1 = 0* = Some roots are not goats. Hence neither I nor II definitely follows However, since the two from a complementary I - E pair, either of two must follow.
Some sofas are benches + Some benches are tables = I + I = No conclusion. Hence I and II do not follow by combination. However, since they make a complementary E-I pair, either of the two must follow.
All rats are bats + Some bats are desks = I + A = No conclusion Hence I and subsequently II do not follow.
All ponds are stores + Some stores are bags = I + A = No conclusion Hence I does not follow. Some roads are ponds + All ponds are stores = I + A = I = Some roads are stores ? conversion ? Some stores are roads (I) Hence II follows.
Since both the Premises are Universal Affirmative (A - type) and these can be aligned by changing the order of Premises, the Conclusion should be Universal Affirmative.
All Chinese are Asians. ? All Asians are wise.
Therefore, All Chinese are wise. This is conclusion (3).
Here, it should be noted that the Conclusion given in option (1) is the implication of the derived Conclusion and hence it is also valid.
First Premise in Universal Affirmative (A - type).
Second Premise is Particular Affirmative (I - type).
All books are novels. ? Some novels are poems.
A + I ? No Conclusion
Conclusion II is Converse of the second Premise.
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