All metals are silver. ? All silver are diamond.
A + A ? A ? type of Conclusion "All metals are diamond".
This is Conclusion II.
Both the Premises are Universal Affirmative (A?type).
All children are students. ? All students are players.
A + A ? A?type of Conclusion
All children are players.¸
This is Conclusion II.
First Premise is Universal Negative (E-type).
Second Premise is Universal Affirmative (A-type).
Sowmya is a girl.? No girl is a parrot.
A + E ? E-type of Conclusion. "Sowmya is not a parrot."
This is Conclusion I.
(i) All pens are papers ? Universal Affirmative (A-type).
(ii) Some houses are lakes ? Particular Affirmative (I-type).
(iii) No eraser is paper ? Universal Negative (E-type).
(iv) Some erasers are not papers ? Particular Negative (O-type).
All pens are papers. ? No paper is an eraser.
A + E ? E-type of Conclusion. "No pen is an eraser".
Conclusion I is Converse of it.
Conclusion II is Converse of the first Premise.
First Premise is Universal Affirmative (A&type).
Second Premise can be written in the form of Universal Negative (E-type) as
No sweet thing is good for health
All fruits are sweet. ? No sweet thing is good for health.
A + E ? E?type of Conclusion "No fruit is good for health".
Thus both the Conclusions follow.
Both the Premises are Universal Affirmative (A-type).
All cupboards are watches. ? All watches are costly.
A + A ? A-type of Conclusion "All cupboards are costly."
This is Conclusion I.
Conclusion II is converse of it.
First Premise is Particular Affirmative (I-type).
Second Premise is Universal Negative (E-type).
Some cats are dogs. ? No dog is a toy.
I + E ? O ? type of Conclusion "Some cats are not toys."
This is Conclusion III. Conclusion I is Converse of the first Premise.
Both the Premises are Particular Affirmative (I-type).
No Conclusion follows from the two Particular Premises.
Conclusion I is Converse of the second Premise.
Conclusion II is Converse of the first Premise.
Both the Premises are Universal Affirmative (A-type).
All deers are cows. ? All cows are animals.
A + A ? A-type of Conclusion "All deers are animals"
This is Conclusion I.
First Premise is Universal Affirmative (A-type).
Second Premise is Particular Affirmative (I-type).
Some hens are chickens. ? All chickens are birds.
I + A ? I ? type of Conclusion "Some hens are birds."
This is Conclusion II.
First Premise is Universal Affirmative (A-type).
Second Premise is Universal Negative (E-type).
All Americans are English-speaking. ? No English-speaking are Eskimos.
A + E ? E-type of Conclusion "No American is Eskimo."
Conclusion I is Converse of it.
Conclusion II is Converse of the second Premise.
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