All the three statements are Universal Affirmative (A-type).
All books are boxes. ? All boxes are pens.
A + A ? A-type of Conclusion "All books are pens."
Conclusion III is Converse of it.
All books are pens. ?All pens are papers.
A + A ? A-type of Conclusion "All books are papers."
This is Conclusion II.
Conclusion I is Converse of it.
All boxes are pens. ? All pens are papers.
A + A ? A-type of Conclusion "All boxes are papers."
Both the Premises are Universal Affirmative (A-type).
All dogs are books. ? All books are pictures.
A + A ? A-type of Conclusion "All dogs are pictures."
This is Conclusion I.
Conclusion IV is Converse of the second Premise.
First Premise is Universal Affirmative (A-type).
Second Premise is Universal Negative (E-type).
All frogs are tortoises. ? No tortoise is a crocodile.
A + E ? E-type of Conclusion "No frog is a crocodile".
This is Conclusion II.
Conclusion I is Converse of this Conclusion.
We can align the premises by converting the second premise.
All Americans are English speaking. ? No English speakers are Eskimos.
We know that,
A + E ? E type conclusion Thus, our derived conclusion would be:
"No Americans are Eskimos."
Conclusion I is the converse of the derived conclusion.
Conclusion II is the converse of second premise.
Both the Premises are Universal Affirmative (A-type).
All men are women. ? All women are crazy.
A + A ? A ? type of Conclusion
"All men are crazy".
This is Conclusion I. Conclusion III is the Converse of it.
Conclusion IV is the Converse of Statement Q.
Both the Premises are Universal Affirmative (A-type).
Both the Premises are already aligned.
All girls are proud ? All proud will be humiliated one day
We know that,
A + A ? A ? type Conclusion Therefore, our derived Conclusion would be:
"All girls will be humiliated one day".
Conclusion II is the converse of the derived Conclusion. Thus, both the Conclusions follow.
First Premise is Particular Affirmative (I-type).
Second Premise is Universal Affirmative (A-type).
Some teachers are students. ? All students are girls.
I + A ? I-type of Conclusion "Some teachers are girls".
Conclusion II is Converse of it.
Conclusion III is Converse of the second Premise.
The given statements can be illustrated as:
All hens are cocks. (A) ? No cock is black. (E)
A + E ? E- type of conclusion "No hen is black."
This is Conclusion II.
The given statement can be shown by the following diagram :
Only Conclusion I follows. As all English movies are violent, the people who like watching English movies like violence. But it is not necessary that all people who like violence watch English movies.
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