4. In case horizontal stiffeners are not used, the distance between vertical legs of flange angles at the top and bottom of a plate girder, is known as
7. Effective length of a column effectively held in position and restrained in direction at one end but neither held in position nor restrained in direction at the other end, is
8. The ratio of the span L of the filler joists to the depth d from the under side of the joist to the top of the structural concrete, should not exceed
9. If d is the distance between the flange angles, the vertical stiffeners in plate girders without horizontal stiffeners, are spaced at a distance not less than
10. Assuming the values of maximum deviation ?P and ?E to be 25% of the computed value of P and E respectively, the minimum value of the factor of safety is