3. If f is the maximum allowable bending stress in a tension member whose radius of gyration is r and depth is 2y, the required cross sectional area A is given by
6. In a grillage column footing maximum bending moment M occurs at the centre of grillage beams. Its value is (where P, L and a are axial load, length of the beam and length of the column base respectively).
8. In a member subjected to an axial tensile force and bending moment, the maximum allowable stress in axial tension is ft and the maximum allowable bending stress in tension is fht. If ft and fht are their corresponding actual axial tensile and bending stresses, the relationship which holds goods is
10. The effective length L of a simply supported beam with ends restrained against torsion, and also the ends of compression flange partially restrained against lateral bending, is given by
