2. If L is the effective span of a R.C.C. beam which is subjected to maximum shear qmax at the ends, the distance from either end over which stirrups for the shear, are provided, is
3. If the length of a combined footing for two columns l metres apart is L and the projection on the left side of the exterior column is x, then the projection y on the right side of the exterior column, in order to have a uniformly distributed load, is (where x is the distance of centre of gravity of column loads).
4. If P kg/m2 is the upward pressure on the slab of a plain concrete footing whose projection on either side of the wall is a cm, the depth of foundation D is given by
8. If A is the area of the foundation of a retaining wall carrying a load W and retaining earth of weight w per unit volume, the minimum depth (h) of the foundation from the free surface of the earth, is
