2. If Ac, Asc and A are areas of concrete, longitudinal steel and section of a R.C.C. column and m and ?c are the modular ratio and maximum stress in the configuration of concrete, the strength of column is
7. If p1 and P2 are effective lateral loadings at the bottom and top exerted by a level earth subjected to a superload on the vertical face of height h of a retaining wall, the horizontal pressure p per unit length of the wall, is
10. In case the factor of safety against sliding is less than 1.5, a portion of slab is constructed downwards at the end of the heel slab, which is known as