Bergchrund is a topograhical feature in plains water bodies hills glaciated regi

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water bodies

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1. Prolongation of chain line across an obstruction in chain surveying, is done by
Options
A. making angular measurements
B. drawing perpendiculars with a chain
C. solution of triangles
D. all the above.

2. Which one of the following statements is correct?
Options
A. when the axes of rotation of the graduated circle and the verniers are not coincident, the instrument possesses eccentricity
B. the mean of the readings of the two verniers gives correct reading free from the eccentricity
C. one vernier may be used if the readings of two verniers differ by a constant
D. all the above.

6. To avoid large centering error with very short legs, observations are generally made
Options
A. to chain pins
B. by using optical system for centering the theodolite
C. to a target fixed on theodolite tripod on which theodolite may be fitted easily
D. all the above.

7. The line of sight is kept as high above ground surface as possible to minimise the error in the observed angles due to
Options
A. shimmering
B. horizontal refraction
C. vertical refraction
D. both shimmering and horizontal refraction.

8. While measuring the distance between two points along upgrade with the help of a 20 m chain, the forward end of the chain is shifted forward through a distance
Options
A. 20 (sin ? - 1)
B. 20 (cos ? - 1)
C. 20 (sec ? - 1)
D. 20 (cosec ? - 1).

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