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- Question
Statements: Some pearls are stones. Some stones are diamonds. No diamond is a gem.
Conclusions:
- Some gems are pearls.
- Some gems are diamonds.
- No gem is a diamond.
- No gem is a pearl.
Options- A. Only I and II follow
- B. Only III and IV follow
- C. Only either I or IV and either II or III follow
- D. Only III and either I or IV follow
- E. None of these
- Correct Answer
- Only III and either I or IV follow
ExplanationIII is the converse of the third premise and so it holds.Some pearls are stones. Some stones are diamonds.
Since both the premises are particular, no definite conclusion follows.
Some stones are diamonds. No diamond is a gem.
Since one premise is particular and the other negative, the conclusion must be particular negative and should not contain the middle term. So, it follows that 'Some stones are not gems'.
However, I and IV involve the extreme terms of the three premises and form a complementary pair, Thus, either I or IV follows.
More questions
- 1. Statements: No country is absolutely self-dependent these days.
Conclusions:
- It is impossible to grow and produce all that a country needs.
- Countrymen in general have become lazy.
Options- A. Only conclusion I follows
- B. Only conclusion II follows
- C. Either I or II follows
- D. Neither I nor II follows
- E. Both I and II follow Discuss
Correct Answer: Only conclusion I follows
Explanation:
Clearly, only I provides a suitable explanation to the given statement. So, only I follows.- 2. Statement: There is an unprecedented increase in migration of villagers to urban areas as repeated crop failure has put them into precarious financial situation.
Courses of Action:
- The villagers should be provided with alternate source of income in their villages which will make them stay put.
- The migrated villagers should be provided with jobs in the urban areas to help them survive.
Options- A. Only I follows
- B. Only II follows
- C. Either I or II follows
- D. Neither I nor II follows
- E. Both I and II follow Discuss
Correct Answer: Only I follows
Explanation:
Clearly, increased migration would add to the burden on city's infrastructure. So, attempts should be made to make the villagers feel comfortable in the villages itself. So, only course I follows.- 3. Statement: If the retired Professors of the same Institutes are also invited to deliberate on restructuring of the organisation, their contribution may be beneficial to the Institute.
Courses of Action:
- Management may seek opinion of the employees before calling retired professors.
- Management should involve experienced people for the systematic restructuring of the organisation.
Options- A. Only I follows
- B. Only II follows
- C. Either I or II follows
- D. Neither I nor II follows
- E. Both I and II follow Discuss
Correct Answer: Only II follows
Explanation:
Clearly, the statement stresses that the contribution of retired Professors shall be beneficial. This means that these people's experience regarding working of the organisation is helpful. So, only course II follows.- 4. Statement: The Minister said that the teachers are still not familiarised with the need, importance and meaning of population education in the higher education system. They are not even clearly aware about their role and responsibilities in the population education programme.
Courses of Action:
- Population education programme should be included in the college curriculum.
- Orientation programme should be conducted for teachers on population education
Options- A. Only I follows
- B. Only II follows
- C. Either I or II follows
- D. Neither I nor II follows
- E. Both I and II follow Discuss
Correct Answer: Only II follows
Explanation:
Clearly, the statement stresses on teachers' lack of awareness and knowledge in population education and as such the best remedy would be to guide them in this field through orientation programmes. So, only course II follows.- 5. Statements:
- Rural and semi-urban areas in the country have been suffering due to load shedding for quite some time.
- If the Government is not able to overcome the power crisis, load shedding will be extended even to the urban areas.
Options- A. Statement I is the cause and statement II is its effect
- B. Statement II is the cause and statement I is its effect
- C. Both the statements I and II are independent causes
- D. Both the statements I and II are effects of independent causes
- E. Both the statements I and II are effects of some common cause Discuss
Correct Answer: Both the statements I and II are effects of some common cause
Explanation:
The facts given in both the statements are clearly the result of acute power shortage.- 6. Georgia is older than her cousin Marsha. Marsha's brother Bart is older than Georgia. When Marsha and Bart are visiting with Georgia, all three like to play a game of Monopoly. Marsha wins more often than Georgia does.
Options- A. When he plays Monopoly with Marsha and Georgia, Bart often loses.
- B. Of the three, Georgia is the oldest.
- C. Georgia hates to lose at Monopoly.
- D. Of the three, Marsha is the youngest. Discuss
Correct Answer: Of the three, Marsha is the youngest.
Explanation:
If Georgia is older than Marsha and Bart is older than Georgia, then Marsha has to be the youngest of the three. Choice b is clearly wrong because Bart is the oldest. There is no information in the paragraph to support either choice a or choice c.- 7. Statement: Unemployment allowance should be given to all unemployed Indian youth above 18 years of age.
Assumptions:
- There are unemployed youth in India who needs monetary support.
- The government has sufficient funds to provide allowance to all unemployed youth.
Options- A. Only assumption I is implicit
- B. Only assumption II is implicit
- C. Either I or II is implicit
- D. Neither I nor II is implicit
- E. Both I and II are implicit Discuss
Correct Answer: Only assumption I is implicit
Explanation:
I directly follows from the statement and so is implicit. Also, the statement is a suggestion and does not tell about a government policy or its position of funds. So, II is not implicit.- 8. Tanya is older than Eric.
Cliff is older than Tanya.
Eric is older than Cliff.
If the first two statements are true, the third statement is
Options- A. true
- B. false
- C. uncertain Discuss
Correct Answer: false
Explanation:
Because the first two statements are true, Eric is the youngest of the three, so the third statement must be false.- 9. Statement: Should India encourage exports, when most things are insufficient for internal use itself?
Arguments:
- Yes. We have to earn foreign exchange to pay for our imports.
- No. Even selective encouragement would lead to shortages.
Options- A. Only argument I is strong
- B. Only argument II is strong
- C. Either I or II is strong
- D. Neither I nor II is strong
- E. Both I and II are strong Discuss
Correct Answer: Only argument I is strong
Explanation:
Clearly, India can export only the surplus and that which can be saved after fulfilling its own needs, to pay for its imports. Encouragement to export cannot lead to shortages as it shall provide the resources for imports. So, only argument I holds.- 10. Look at this series: 80, 10, 70, 15, 60, ... What number should come next?
Options- A. 20
- B. 25
- C. 30
- D. 50 Discuss
Correct Answer: 20
Explanation:
This is an alternating addition and subtraction series. In the first pattern, 10 is subtracted from each number to arrive at the next. In the second, 5 is added to each number to arrive at the next.
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- 1. Statements: No country is absolutely self-dependent these days.
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