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- Question
Statements: All doors are buses. All buses are leaves. No leaf is a flower.
Conclusions:
- No flower is a door.
- No flower is a bus.
- Some leaves are doors.
- Some leaves are buses.
Options- A. None follows
- B. Only I and II follow
- C. Only II and III follow
- D. Only II, III and IV follow
- E. All follow
- Correct Answer
- All follow
ExplanationIV is the converse of the second premise and so it holds.All doors are buses. All buses are leaves.
Since both the premises are universal and affirmative, the conclusion must be universal affirmative and should not contain the middle term. So, it follows that 'All doors are leaves'. III is the converse of this conclusion and so it holds.
All buses are leaves. No leaf is a flower.
Since both the premises are universal and one premise is negative, the conclusion must be universal negative and should not contain the middle term. So, it follows that 'No bus is flower'. II is the converse of this conclusion and so it holds.
All doors are buses. No bus is flower.
As discussed above, it follows that 'No door is flower'. I is the converse of this conclusion and so it also holds.
More questions
- 1. People speculate when they consider a situation and assume something to be true based on inconclusive evidence. Which situation below is the best example of Speculation?
Options- A. Francine decides that it would be appropriate to wear jeans to her new office on Friday after reading about "Casual Fridays" in her employee handbook.
- B. Mary spends thirty minutes sitting in traffic and wishes that she took the train instead of driving.
- C. After consulting several guidebooks and her travel agent, Jennifer feels confident that the hotel she has chosen is first-rate.
- D. When Emily opens the door in tears, Theo guesses that she's had a death in her family. Discuss
Correct Answer: When Emily opens the door in tears, Theo guesses that she's had a death in her family.
Explanation:
This is the only situation in which someone makes an assumption that is not based on conclusive evidence. Choices a and c reflect situations in which assumptions are made based on evidence. In choice b, Mary is not assuming anything to be true. She is simply wishing that she'd made a different decision.- 2. Should India become a permanent member of UN's Security Council? Arguments: I. Yes. India has emerged as a country which loves peace and amity. II. No. Let us first solve problems of our own people like poverty, malnutrition.
Options- A. Only argument I is strong
- B. Only argument II is strong
- C. Neither I nor II is strong
- D. Both I and II are strong Discuss
Correct Answer: Only argument I is strong
- 3. Is the Government justified in spending so much on defence? Arguments: I. Yes. Safety of the country is of prime importance. II. No. During peace, this money could be used for the development of the country.
Options- A. Only argument I is strong
- B. Only argument II is strong
- C. Neither I nor II is strong
- D. Both I and II are strong Discuss
Correct Answer: Only argument I is strong
Explanation:
Clearly, defence is necessary for the safety of the country, which is of prime importance. So, argument I holds. Also, a country can concentrate on internal progress and development only when it is safe from external aggressions. So, argument II does not hold.
- 4. Should high chimneys be installed in industries? Arguments: 1. Yes. It reduces pollution at ground level 2. No. It increments pollution in upper atmosphere
Options- A. Only 1 is true
- B. Only 2 is true
- C. Either 1 or 2 is true
- D. Neither 1 nor 2 is true Discuss
Correct Answer: Only 1 is true
Explanation:
Pollution at ground level is the most hazardious in the way of being injuriousto human and animal life.So,argument 1 alone holds
- 5. In the question a statement is given, followed by two arguments, I and II. You have to consider the statement to be true even if it seems to be at variance from commonly known facts. You have to decide which of the given arguments, if any, is a strong argument. Statement : Should Chinese crackers be banned? Argument I : No, China will be hurt by this decision. Argument II : Yes, crackers kill insects.
Options- A. if only argument I is strong.
- B. if only argument II is strong.
- C. if both I and II are strong.
- D. if neither I nor II is strong. Discuss
Correct Answer: if neither I nor II is strong.
- 6. Should railways immeadiatly stop issuing free passes to all of its employees? Arguments: 1. No. The employees have the highest right to travel free 2. Yes. This will help railways providde better facilities
Options- A. Only 1 is true
- B. Only 2 is true
- C. Either 1 or 2 is true
- D. Neither 1 nor 2 is true Discuss
Correct Answer: Neither 1 nor 2 is true
Explanation:
Free passes given to the railway employees is a privilage to them not their right.So 1 does'nt hold and 2 is vague
- 7. Should jobs be linked with academic degrees and diplomas? Arguments: 1. No. A very large number of persons with meagre academic qualifications will apply 2. No. Importance of higher education will be diminished
Options- A. Only 1 is true
- B. Only 2 is true
- C. Either 1 or 2 is true
- D. Neither 1 nor 2 is true Discuss
Correct Answer: Only 2 is true
Explanation:
Delinking jobs with degrees will diminish the need for higher education as amny of them persue such education for jobs.So, only arg 2 is strong
- 8. Should all the factories in the cities be shifted to the outskirts, far away from the main city? Arguments : I. Yes. This is an essential step for controlling pollution in the city. II. No. Such a step will lead to lot of inconvenience to the employees of the factories and their families as well
Options- A. If only argument I is strong
- B. If only argument II is strong
- C. If neither I nor II is strong
- D. If both I and II are strong Discuss
Correct Answer: If only argument I is strong
Explanation:
I is strong because pollution control is highly desirable. II is weak. There may be some inconvenience initially but in fact their families would live better lives in the outskirts.
- 9. Should there be an upper age limit of 65 years for contesting parlimentary/Legislative Assembly elections? Arguments: 1. Yes. Generally ,people above the age of 65 years lose their dynamism and will power 2. No. The life span is also increased that people remain physically and mentally active even upto age of 80 years
Options- A. Only 1 is true
- B. Only 2 is true
- C. Either 1 or 2 is true
- D. Neither 1 nor 2 is true Discuss
Correct Answer: Neither 1 nor 2 is true
Explanation:
The age of the person is no criteria for judging his mental capbilities and administrative qualities.So,none of the arguments holds strong
- 10. Should there be a ban on affiliation of student unions to political parties? Arguments : I. Yes. The political parties take undue advantage of the student unions to fulfill their own selfish interests. II. No. Without the support of political parties student unions will not be able to survive.
Options- A. If only argument I is strong
- B. If only argument II is strong
- C. If neither I nor II is strong
- D. If both I and II are strong Discuss
Correct Answer: If neither I nor II is strong
Explanation:
Simply saying that a thing can be abused is a simplistic argument. This applies to everything and is hence weak unless you specify the reason for abuse. Hence I is weak. II is weak because it is just not true.
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