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- Question
Statements: All tigers are lions. No cow is lion. Some camels are cows.
Conclusions:
- Some lions are camels.
- No camel- is tiger.
- Some tigers are cows.
Options- A. None follows
- B. Only I follows
- C. Only II follows
- D. Only III follows
- E. Either I or II follows
- Correct Answer
- None follows
ExplanationAll tigers are lions. No cow is lion.Since both the premises are universal and one premise is negative, the conclusion must be universal negative (E-type) and shouldn't contain the middle term. So, it follows that 'No tiger is cow'.
Some camels are cows. No cow is lion.
Since one premise is particular and the other negative, the conclusion must be particular negative (O-type) and should not contain the middle term. So, it follows that 'Some camels are not lions'. Some camels are cows. No tiger is cow.
Since one premise is particular and the other negative, the conclusion must be particular negative (O-type) and should not contain the middle term. So, it follows that 'Some camels are not tigers'.
More questions
- 1. Statements: All artists are smokers. Some smokers are drunkards.
Conclusions:
- All smokers are artists.
- Some drunkards are not smokers.
Options- A. Only conclusion I follows
- B. Only conclusion II follows
- C. Either I or II follows
- D. Neither I nor II follows
- E. Both I and II follow Discuss
Correct Answer: Neither I nor II follows
Explanation:
Since the middle term 'smokers' is not distributed even once in the premises, no definite conclusion follows.- 2. Statement: "Private property, trespassers will be prosecuted" - A notice on a plot of land.
Assumptions:
- The passerby may read the notice and may not trespass.
- The people are scared of prosecution.
Options- A. Only assumption I is implicit
- B. Only assumption II is implicit
- C. Either I or II is implicit
- D. Neither I nor II is implicit
- E. Both I and II are implicit Discuss
Correct Answer: Both I and II are implicit
Explanation:
Any notice is displayed assuming that people will read the notice and also follow the content of the notice. So, I is implicit. Besides, the notice threatens any trespassers to be prosecuted. So, II is also implicit.- 3. Statement: The new education policy envisages major modifications in the education system.
Assumptions:
- Present education system is inconsistent with national needs.
- Present education system needs change.
Options- A. Only assumption I is implicit
- B. Only assumption II is implicit
- C. Either I or II is implicit
- D. Neither I nor II is implicit
- E. Both I and II are implicit Discuss
Correct Answer: Both I and II are implicit
Explanation:
Clearly, modifications are made in present system finding that it was inconsistent with the needs and required to be changed. So, both I and II are implicit.- 4. Statement: Should higher education be restricted to only those who can bear the expenditure?
Arguments:
- Yes. Higher education is very costly; hence it should not be given free.
- No. There are a large number of brilliant students who cannot afford to pay and they should be given higher education.
Options- A. Only argument I is strong
- B. Only argument II is strong
- C. Either I or II is strong
- D. Neither I nor II is strong
- E. Both I and II are strong Discuss
Correct Answer: Only argument II is strong
Explanation:
For the all-round progress of the nation, all the students, especially the talented and intelligent ones, must avail of higher education, even if the government has to pay for it. So, only argument II holds.- 5. Look at this series: 201, 202, 204, 207, ... What number should come next?
Options- A. 205
- B. 208
- C. 210
- D. 211 Discuss
Correct Answer: 211
Explanation:
In this addition series, 1 is added to the first number; 2 is added to the second number; 3 is added to the third number; 4 is added to the fourth number; and go on.- 6. Statement: The State government has decided to appoint four thousand primary school teachers during the next financial year.
Assumptions:
- There are enough schools in the state to accommodate four thousand additional primary school teachers.
- The eligible candidates may not be interested to apply as the government may not finally appoint such a large number of primary school teachers.
Options- A. Only assumption I is implicit
- B. Only assumption II is implicit
- C. Either I or II is implicit
- D. Neither I nor II is implicit
- E. Both I and II are implicit Discuss
Correct Answer: Only assumption I is implicit
Explanation:
Such decisions as given in the statement are taken only after taking the existing vacancies into consideration. So, I implicit while II isn't.- 7. Statement: It will be a substantial achievement in the field of education if one provides one school for every village in our country and enforce attendance.
Assumptions:
- Children in villages do not attend school regularly.
- Providing school to every village is desirable.
Options- A. Only assumption I is implicit
- B. Only assumption II is implicit
- C. Either I or II is implicit
- D. Neither I nor II is implicit
- E. Both I and II are implicit Discuss
Correct Answer: Both I and II are implicit
Explanation:
The statement lays stress on enforcing attendance. This implies that children in villages do not attend school regularly. So, I is implicit. Besides, the statement calls 'one school for every village' a 'substantial achievement'. So, II is also implicit.- 8. Statements: All pens are roads. All roads are houses.
Conclusions:
- All houses are pens.
- Some houses are pens.
Options- A. Only conclusion I follows
- B. Only conclusion II follows
- C. Either I or II follows
- D. Neither I nor II follows
- E. Both I and II follow Discuss
Correct Answer: Only conclusion II follows
Explanation:
Since both the premises are universal and affirmative, the conclusion must be universal affirmative and should not contain the middle term. So, it follows that 'All pens are houses'. II is the converse of this conclusion and so it holds. Since the term 'houses' is distributed in I without being distributed in any of the premises, so I does not follow.- 9. Tim's commute never bothered him because there were always seats available on the train and he was able to spend his 40 minutes comfortably reading the newspaper or catching up on paperwork. Ever since the train schedule changed, the train has been extremely crowded, and by the time the doors open at his station, there isn't a seat to be found.
Options- A. Tim would be better off taking the bus to work.
- B. Tim's commute is less comfortable since the train schedule changed.
- C. Many commuters will complain about the new train schedule.
- D. Tim will likely look for a new job closer to home. Discuss
Correct Answer: Tim's commute is less comfortable since the train schedule changed.
Explanation:
The passage tells us that Tim's commute didn't bother him because he was always able to sit down and comfortably read or do paperwork. Therefore, it is reasonable to assume that Tim's commute has become less comfortable since the schedule change, because it is very crowded and he can no longer find a seat. There is no information given that supports choices a, c, and d.- 10. Statement: Should young entrepreneurs be encouraged?
Arguments:
- Yes. They will help in industrial development of the country.
- Yes. They will reduce the burden on employment market.
Options- A. Only argument I is strong
- B. Only argument II is strong
- C. Either I or II is strong
- D. Neither I nor II is strong
- E. Both I and II are strong Discuss
Correct Answer: Both I and II are strong
Explanation:
Clearly, encouraging the young entrepreneurs will open up the field for the establishment of new industries. Thus, it shall help in industrial development and not only employ the entrepreneurs but create more job opportunities for others as well. So, both the arguments hold strong.
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- 1. Statements: All artists are smokers. Some smokers are drunkards.
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