Discussion
Home ‣ Logical Reasoning ‣ Logical Deduction Comments
- Question
Statements: Some boxes are hammers. Some hammers are beads. All beads are rings.
Conclusions:
- Some rings are hammers.
- Some hammers are boxes.
- Some rings are boxes.
Options- A. None follows
- B. Only I follows
- C. Only I and II follow
- D. Only II and III follow
- E. All follow
- Correct Answer
- Only I and II follow
ExplanationII is the converse of first premise and so it holds.Some boxes are hammers. Some hammers are beads.
Since both the premises are particular, no definite conclusion can be drawn.
Some hammers are beads. All beads are rings.
Since one premise is particular, the conclusion must be particular and should not contain the middle term. So, it follows that 'Some hammers are rings'. I is the converse of this conclusion and so it holds.
Some boxes are hammers. Some hammers are rings.
Since both the premises are particular, no definite conclusion can be drawn.
Logical Deduction problems
Search Results
- 1. Statements: Some blades are hammers. Some hammers are knives. Some knives are axes.
Conclusions:
- Some axes are hammers.
- Some knives are blades.
- Some axes are blades.
Options- A. None follows
- B. Only I follows
- C. Only II follows
- D. Only III follows
- E. None of these Discuss
Correct Answer: None follows
Explanation:
Since each combination of premises has two particular premises, so no definite conclusion follows.- 2. Statements: Some mountains are hillocks. Some mountains are rivers. Some mountains are valleys.
Conclusions:
- All mountains are either hillocks or rivers or valleys.
- No valley is river.
- Some river are valleys.
Options- A. None follows
- B. Only I follows
- C. Only either II or III follows
- D. Only III follows
- E. None of these Discuss
Correct Answer: Only either II or III follows
Explanation:
Since each combination of premises shall contain two particular premises, no definite conclusion can be drawn. However, II and III are statements involving the extreme terms of the last two premises and form a complementary pair. Thus, either II or III follows.- 3. Statements: All trains are buses. No room is bus. All boats are rooms.
Conclusions:
- No boat is train.
- No bus is boat.
- No train is room.
Options- A. None follows
- B. Only I and II follow
- C. Only II and III follow
- D. Only I and III follow
- E. All follow Discuss
Correct Answer: All follow
Explanation:
All trains are buses. No room is bus.Since both the premises are universal and one premise is negative, the conclusion must be universal negative (E-type) and should not contain the middle term. So, it follows that 'No train is room'. Thus, III follows.
All boats are rooms. No room is bus.
As discussed above, it follows that 'No boat is bus'.
II is the converse of this conclusion and so it holds. All trains are buses. No boat is bus.
Again, it follows that 'No train is boat'. I is the converse of this conclusion and so it holds.
- 4. Statements: Some pens are books. All schools are books. Some colleges are schools.
Conclusions:
- Some colleges are pens.
- Some pens are schools.
- Some colleges are books.
Options- A. Only I and II follow
- B. Only II and III follow
- C. Only I and III follow
- D. All follow
- E. None of these Discuss
Correct Answer: None of these
Explanation:
Some pens are books. All schools are books.Since the middle term 'books' is not distributed even once in the premises, so no definite conclusion follows.
Some colleges are schools. All schools are books.
Since one premise is particular, the conclusion must be particular and should not contain the middle term.
So, it follows that 'Some colleges are books'. Thus, III follows.
Some pens are books. Some colleges are books.
Since both the premises are particular, no definite conclusion can be drawn.
Hence, only III follows.
- 5. Statements: Some saints are balls. All balls are bats. Some tigers are balls.
Conclusions:
- Some bats are tigers.
- Some saints are bats.
- All bats are balls.
Options- A. Only I and II follow
- B. Only II follows
- C. Only I and III follow
- D. Only III follows
- E. None of these. Discuss
Correct Answer: Only I and II follow
Explanation:
Some saints are balls. All balls are bats.Since one premise is particular, the conclusion must be particular and should not contain the middle term. So, it follows that 'Some saints are bats'. Thus, II follows. Some tigers are balls. All balls are bats.
Since one premise is particular, the conclusion must be particular and should not contain the middle term. So, it follows that 'Some tigers are bats'. I is the converse of this conclusion and so it holds.
- 6. Statements: Some blankets are beds. Some pillows are blankets. All beds are pillows.
Conclusions:
- Some blankets are pillows.
- Some pillows are beds.
- Some beds are blankets.
Options- A. Only either I or II follows
- B. Only I and either II or III follow
- C. Only III and either I or II follow
- D. All I, II and III follow
- E. None of these Discuss
Correct Answer: All I, II and III follow
Explanation:
I is the converse of the second premise, II is the converse of the third premise and III is the converse of the first premise and as such, all three of them follow.- 7. Statements: All dolls are windows. All bottles are windows. All cars are bottles.
Conclusions:
- All cars are windows.
- Some cars are dolls.
- Some windows are cars.
Options- A. Only I and II follow
- B. Only II and III follow
- C. Only I and III follow
- D. All follow
- E. None of these Discuss
Correct Answer: Only I and III follow
Explanation:
All cars are bottles. All bottles are windows.Since both the premises are universal, the conclusion must be universal and shouldn't contain the middle term, So, it follows that 'All cars are windows'. Thus, I follows.
Also, III is the converse of this conclusion and so it holds.
All dolls are windows. All bottles are windows.
Since the middle term 'windows' is not distributed even once in the premises, no definite conclusion follows.
All cars are windows. All bottles are windows.
Again, the middle term 'windows' is not distributed even once in the premises.
So, no definite conclusion follows.
- 8. Statements: All tigers are lions. No cow is lion. Some camels are cows.
Conclusions:
- Some lions are camels.
- No camel- is tiger.
- Some tigers are cows.
Options- A. None follows
- B. Only I follows
- C. Only II follows
- D. Only III follows
- E. Either I or II follows Discuss
Correct Answer: None follows
Explanation:
All tigers are lions. No cow is lion.Since both the premises are universal and one premise is negative, the conclusion must be universal negative (E-type) and shouldn't contain the middle term. So, it follows that 'No tiger is cow'.
Some camels are cows. No cow is lion.
Since one premise is particular and the other negative, the conclusion must be particular negative (O-type) and should not contain the middle term. So, it follows that 'Some camels are not lions'. Some camels are cows. No tiger is cow.
Since one premise is particular and the other negative, the conclusion must be particular negative (O-type) and should not contain the middle term. So, it follows that 'Some camels are not tigers'.
- 9. Statements: All flowers are toys. Some toys are trees. Some angels are trees.
Conclusions:
- Some angels are toys.
- Some trees are flowers.
- Some flowers are angels.
Options- A. None follows
- B. Only I follows
- C. Only II follows
- D. Only III follows
- E. Only I and III follow Discuss
Correct Answer: None follows
Explanation:
All flowers are toys. Some toys are trees.Since the middle term 'toys' is not distributed even once in the premises, no definite conclusion follows.
Some toys are trees. Some angels are trees.
Since both the premises are particular, no definite conclusion can be drawn.
- 10. Statements: Some rats are cats. Some cats are dogs. No dog is cow.
Conclusions:
- No cow is cat.
- No dog is rat.
- Some cats are rats.
Options- A. None follows
- B. Only I and II follow
- C. Only II and III follow
- D. Only III follows
- E. All I, II and III follow Discuss
Correct Answer: Only III follows
Explanation:
III is the converse of the first premise and so it holds.Some rats are cats. Some cats are dogs.
Since both the premises are particular, no definite conclusion follows.
Some cats are dogs. No dog is cow.
Since one premise is particular and the other negative, the conclusion must be particular negative (O-type) and should not contain the middle term. So, it follows that 'Some cats are not cows'.
Comments
There are no comments.
More in Logical Reasoning:
Programming
Copyright ©CuriousTab. All rights reserved.
- 1. Statements: Some blades are hammers. Some hammers are knives. Some knives are axes.