Statement: "Please do not wait for me, I may be late, start taking lunch as soon as the guests arrive. - A message from a Director of a Company to his office managers.

Assumptions:

1. Keeping guests waiting is not desirable.
2. Lunch may not be ready in time.

A leopard, cougar, and lion all belong to the cat family; an elephant does not.

The passage discusses the role of industrial exhibitions in measuring the industrial progress of a country and compares the progress of less advanced countries with the industrial power of countries like the U.K., U.S.A., and Russia. Here's the analysis of the options based on the passage:

1. Option A - greatly tax the poor economies:
   • The passage does not discuss the economic burden of industrial exhibitions on poor economies. Instead, it focuses on their role in measuring industrial progress and comparing it to more advanced countries.
   • This option is not supported by the passage.
2. Option B - are more useful for the developed countries like U.S.A. whose products stand out superior to those of the developing countries:
   • The passage does mention that the pavilions of the U.K., U.S.A., and Russia are centers of greatest attention, implying that their products are more advanced and attract more attention. However, it does not directly state that industrial exhibitions are more useful for developed countries.
   • This option is partially supported, but it overemphasizes the benefit to developed countries at the expense of developing countries.
3. Option C - are not of much use to the countries who are industrially backward:
   • The passage does not suggest that industrial exhibitions are not useful for industrially backward countries. It discusses how such exhibitions enable these countries to measure their industrial progress and compare it with more advanced nations.
   • This option is not supported by the passage.
4. Option D - boost up production qualitatively and quantitatively by analytical comparison of a country's products with those of the developed countries:
   • The passage mentions that industrial exhibitions allow us to measure our own industrial progress in comparison with the industrial power of countries like the U.K., U.S.A., and Russia. This suggests that such exhibitions help in analyzing and comparing products, which could lead to improvements in production qualitatively and quantitatively.
   • This option is strongly supported by the passage.
5. Final Answer:
   • The best supported statement by the passage is D. boost up production qualitatively and quantitatively by analytical comparison of a country's products with those of the developed countries.

The problem is that despite an increase in staff strength, the Institute has failed in its objective of implementing its plan. So, either there should be reasons for the lackening or the plans are a failure and must be revised for practical implementation. Thus, both the courses follow.

The statement asserts that people cannot stand any particular trend for long and seek change quite often. So, only II follows.

The first premise is an E-type proposition, So, the middle term 'gentleman' forming the subject is distributed. The second premise is an A-type proposition. So, the middle term 'gentlemen' forming the subject is distributed. Since the middle term is distributed twice, the conclusion cannot be universal. Since one premise is negative, the conclusion must be negative. Thus, it follows that 'Some rich men are not poor'. Thus, neither I nor II follows.

As discussed above, the conclusion must be universal negative and should not contain the middle term. So, it follows that 'No flower is fruit'. I is the converse of this conclusion and thus it follows. II is the converse of the first premise and so it also holds.

Clearly, privatization leads to betterment in a bid to win over the others in the field and earn both good reputation and money. So, argument I holds strong. Besides, privatization cannot be opted for just because it is the present trend. Also, privatization would, in no way, deteriorate the educational standards. So, neither II nor III holds.

Clearly, the decision to revise its fee structure for artists is taken by Doordarshan as a remedy to the challenging problem that had arisen before it. It cannot wait till other media take action. So, only course I follows.

Neither the volume of readership of the 'Times' in areas other than the Metropolis nor the reason for its huge acclamation is evident from the statement So, neither I nor II is implicit.

All tigers are lions. No cow is lion.

Since both the premises are universal and one premise is negative, the conclusion must be universal negative (E-type) and shouldn't contain the middle term. So, it follows that 'No tiger is cow'.

Some camels are cows. No cow is lion.

Since one premise is particular and the other negative, the conclusion must be particular negative (O-type) and should not contain the middle term. So, it follows that 'Some camels are not lions'. Some camels are cows. No tiger is cow.

Since one premise is particular and the other negative, the conclusion must be particular negative (O-type) and should not contain the middle term. So, it follows that 'Some camels are not tigers'.