What are the types of linkages?

/* Example for ceil() and floor() functions: */

#include<stdio.h>
#include<math.h>

int main()
{
    printf("\n Result : %f" , ceil(1.44) );
    printf("\n Result : %f" , ceil(1.66) );
 
    printf("\n Result : %f" , floor(1.44) );    
    printf("\n Result : %f" , floor(1.66) );

    return 0;
}
// Output:
// Result : 2.000000
// Result : 2.000000
// Result : 1.000000
// Result : 1.000000

Declaring is the way a programmer tells the compiler to expect a particular type, be it a variable, class/struct/union type, a function type (prototype) or a particular object instance. (ie. extern int i)

Declaration never reserves any space for the variable or instance in the program's memory; it simply a "hint" to the compiler that a use of the variable or instance is expected in the program. This hinting is technically called "forward reference".

fmod(x,y) - Calculates x modulo y, the remainder of x/y.
This function is the same as the modulus operator. But fmod() performs floating point divisions.

Example:

#include <stdio.h>
#include <math.h>

int main ()
{
  printf ("fmod of 3.14/2.1 is %lf\n", fmod (3.14,2.1) );
  return 0;
}

Output:
fmod of 3.14/2.1 is 1.040000

- During declaration we tell the datatype of the Variable.

- During definition the value is initialized.

A function prototype in C or C++ is a declaration of a function that omits the function body but does specify the function's name, argument types and return type.

While a function definition specifies what a function does, a function prototype can be thought of as specifying its interface.

extern int x; - is an external variable declaration.

double pow(double, double); - is a function prototype declaration.

Therefore, 1 and 3 are declarations. 2 is definition.

In computing, 'real number' often refers to non-complex floating-point numbers. It include both rational numbers, such as 42 and 3/4, and irrational numbers such as pi = 3.14159265...

When the accuracy of the floating point number is insufficient, we can use the double to define the number. The double is same as float but with longer precision and takes double space (8 bytes) than float.

To extend the precision further we can use long double which occupies 10 bytes of memory space.

Variable names in C are made up of letters (upper and lower case) and digits. The underscore character ("_") is also permitted. Names must not begin with a digit.

Examples of valid (but not very descriptive) C variable names:
=> foo
=> Bar
=> BAZ
=> foo_bar
=> _foo42
=> _
=> QuUx

Here, Multiplication will happen before the addition, but in which order the functions would be called is undefined. In an arithmetic expression the parenthesis tell the compiler which operands go with which operators but do not force the compiler to evaluate everything within the parenthesis first.

An operation with only one operand is called unary operation.
Unary operators:
! Logical NOT operator.
~ bitwise NOT operator.
sizeof Size-of operator.

&& Logical AND is a logical operator.

Therefore, 1, 2, 3 are unary operators.