For the steel member exposed to weather and accessible for repainting, the thickness of steel should not be less than (excepting the webs of Indian Standard rolled steel joists and channels).
5. The flow of water (mass density = 1000 kg/m3 and kinematic viscosity = 10-6 m2/s) in a commercial pipe, having equivalent roughness ks as 0.12 mm, yields an average shear stress at the pipe boundary = 600 N/m2. The value of ks/?' (?' being the thickness of laminar sub-layer) for this pipe is
10. A square column carries a load P at the centroid of one of the quarters of the square. If a is the side of the main square, the combined bending stress will be
