4. If arithmetic sum of latitudes of a closed traverse is ?Lat and closing error in latitude is dx, the correction for a side whose latitude is l, as given by Transit Rule, is
7. If R is the radius of the main curve, ? the angle of deflection, S the shift and L the length of the transition curve, then, total tangent length of the curve, is
8. While viewing through a level telescope and moving the eye slightly, a relative movement occurs between the image of the levelling staff and the cross hairs. The instrument is
r
r
r
r
