getppid() system call is used to bias the existing priority of a process

Correct Answer: A shell is an interactive user interface to an operating system services that allows an user to enter commands as character strings or through a graphical user interface The shell converts them to system calls to the OS or forks off a process to execute the command System call results and other information from the OS are presented to the user through an interactive interface Commonly used shells are sh,csh,ks etc

Correct Answer: 1) ability to support multiple processors 2) virtual storage 3) source level debugging

Correct Answer: Fragmentation occurs in a dynamic memory allocation system when many of the free blocks are too small to satisfy any request External Fragmentation: External Fragmentation happens when a dynamic memory allocation algorithm allocates some memory and a small piece is left over that cannot be effectively used If too much external fragmentation occurs, the amount of usable memory is drastically reduced Total memory space exists to satisfy a request, but it is not contiguous Internal Fragmentation: Internal fragmentation is the space wasted inside of allocated memory blocks because of restriction on the allowed sizes of allocated blocks Allocated memory may be slightly larger than requested memory; this size difference is memory internal to a partition, but not being used

Correct Answer: Logical address space is generated from CPU; it bound to a separate physical address space is central to proper memory management Physical address space is seen by the memory unit Logical address space is virtual address space Both these address space will be same at compile time but differ at execution time

Correct Answer: diskcopy

Correct Answer: When a program forks and the child finishes before the parent, the kernel still keeps some of its information about the child in case the parent might need it ? for example, the parent may need to check the child?s exit status To be able to get this information, the parent calls `wait()?; In the interval between the child terminating and the parent calling `wait()?, the child is said to be a `zombie? (If you do `ps?, the child will have a `Z? in its status field to indicate this)

Correct Answer: FALSE

Explanation:

The PS command prints the process status for some or all of the running processes

Correct Answer: All the above

Explanation:

All the above listed are the components of Windows registry

Correct Answer: $pwd

Explanation:

$pwd - present working directory

Correct Answer: It is a useful, memory-saving technique for multiprogrammed timesharing systems A Reentrant Procedure is one in which multiple users can share a single copy of a program during the same period Reentrancy has 2 key aspects: The program code cannot modify itself, and the local data for each user process must be stored separately Thus, the permanent part is the code, and the temporary part is the pointer back to the calling program and local variables used by that program Each execution instance is called activation It executes the code in the permanent part, but has its own copy of local variables/parameters The temporary part associated with each activation is the activation record Generally, the activation record is kept on the stack Note: A reentrant procedure can be interrupted and called by an interrupting program, and still execute correctly on returning to the procedure