With the failure of the revolution of 1848 to unify Germany, one phase in the struggle for unification came to an end. Now Germany was to be unified not into a democratic country by the efforts of revolutionaries but by the rulers into a militaristic empire. The leader of this policy Bismarck who belonged to a prussian aristocratic family. He wanted to preserve the predominance of the landed aristocrats and the army in the united German state and to achieve the unification of Germany under the leadership of Prussian monarchy. He described his policy of unification as one of 'blood and iron'. The policy of 'blood and iron' meant a policy of war.
After the deaths of Cromwell monarchy was restored and Charles II was made king of England. He and his successor, James II tried to assert the superiority of the monarchy. But feelings against this kind of rule had grown too strong. In 1688, a group of politicians invited William of Orange, the husband of James II's daughter, Mary, and rulers of Holland, to become king. Without firing a shot, William reached London and James II fled to France. The throne was granted to William and Mary Jointly. This event is known as the 'Glorious Revolution' . This revolution marked the triumph of parliament over the monarchy.
In Spain, where there were no protestants, a soldier named lgnatius Loyola started an organisation for clergymen to work wholly as 'soldiers of jensus' in the service of the Church. Its members came to be called jesuits. They went from place to place and won back followers in France and Germany. They established missions in india, china, Africa and the Americas to gain new adherents. The Jesuit Schools which they started to strengthen the Roman Catholic Church are still in existence in many countries of the world.
The old religion of Japan is known as Shiltoism. This religion consists mainly of the worship of the forces of nature.
The Cathedral of Notre Dame is located in paris(France) . It was one of the earliest French Cathedrals to be built in the Gothic style. It was built between A.D 1163 and AD 1270. About the 12th century, a new style- the Gothic -was developed in France.
Each state in the U.S. has a state legislature. The state legislatures main purpose is to make and pass laws at the state level.
An integral part to each state government - indeed where the people of each state are best represented - is the state legislature.
State legislatures are the respective representative bodies for the people of each state.
The primary responsibility of any state legislature is to design, draft, and vote on bills and laws to govern each state. Bills and laws generally go through several committees prior to being voted on in the entire assembly, through which the bills and laws are changed, amended, or killed altogether.
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