The Presidentof India is the head of the executive of the Union Government and all executive powers are exercised by him or her either directly or through the subordinate officers. President can appoint the important officers in Central Government including the Attorney-General for India. The supreme commander of all the defence services is the President and in this capacity, he appoints the chief of the Army, the Naval and the Air Force.
Vishakha and others v State of Rajasthan was a 1997 Indian Supreme Court case where Vishakhaand other women groups filed Public Interest Litigation (PIL) against State of Rajasthan and Union of India to enforce the fundamental rights of working women under Articles 14, 19 and 21 of the Constitution of India.The court decided that the consideration of "International Conventions and norms are significant for the purpose of interpretation of the guarantee of gender equality, right to work with human dignity in Articles 14, 15, 19(1)(g) and 21 of the Constitution and the safeguards against sexual harassment implicit therein.
On July 7, the 91st Amendment to the Constitution, limiting the size of the Council of Ministers at the Centre and the States to no more than 15 per cent of the numbers in the Lok Sabha or the State Legislature, came into effect.
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