Business cycles are identified as having four distinct phases:
1. Expansion,
2. Peak,
3. Contraction, and
4. Trough.
Expansion is the phase of the business cycle when the economy moves from a trough to a peak. It is a period when the level of business activity surges and gross domestic product (GDP) expands until it reaches a peak. A period of expansion is also known as an economic recovery.
An expansion is characterized by increasing employment, economic growth, and upward pressure on prices.
Income taxes are allocated to extraordinary items, discontinued operations and prior period adjustments.
A graph that describes the maximum amount of one good that can be produced for every possible level of production of the other good is nothing but a production possibilities curve.
Expendable properties are those properties that are consume in use or that lose their identity in use. It also include those properties that become an integral part of other property when put to use and those properties which have an expected service life of less than one year.
Laissez-faire is simply a way to describe a government's hands-off approach to economic policies. This approach was particularly prevalent in the United States at the turn of the 20th century, which led to numerous issues within American manufacturing.
There are many outcomes of laissez-faire economic policies. Some of the outcomes of laissez-faire economics were:
* Businesses pay workers low.
* Pollution of air and water.
* Poverty traps that cannot be escaped through free choice.
* General glut that results from overproduction or underconsumption
* Monopoly power that emerges naturally in the market and allows businesses to exploit consumers.
* Exploitation of the working class that pushes wages down to subsistence and compels laborers to work in harsh and unsafe conditions.
* External economies that generate situations where desirable goods are underproduced on the market, and undesirable goods are overproduced on the market.
* Public goods that are not supplied by the market due to free-rider problems.
The prime cost calculates the use of raw materials and direct labor, but does not factor in indirect expenses, such as advertising and administrative costs.
Supervisor's wages doesn;t come under prime cost.
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