Passivity of iron is due to formation of an extremely thin and impervious film of ferrosoferric oxide on the surface of iron. Chromic acid, being a powerful oxidising agent (like nitric acid ) renders iron passive.
The paste applied to the side of a match box is a mixture of phosphorus trisulphide, glass powder (or sand) to cause friction and glue (binding material)
Ammonia is a base. One adding ammonia to water,the resulting solution will become basic. pH of an alkaline solution is 7. So the pH will increase
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