The systematic name for a chemical is the unique name given to it by the International Union of Pure Applied Chemistry (IUPAC). The IUPAC name can differ from a chemical compound's general name.
PbO is an ionic compound since it consists of a Lead as metal and Oxygen as nonmetal. The systematic name for PbO is Lead (II) oxide. Here we need to put the (II) since lead has more than one combining capacity.
A concentrated solution will contain the most solute molecules per solvent molecules.
Here in the given options,
1) 6/10 = 0.6
2) 20.5/50 = 0.41
3) 30/120 = 0.25
4) 2.6/2 = 1.3
Hence, option D) is most concentrated.
Intermolecular forces :
The forces of attraction present in between the molecules or atoms or compounds is termed as intermolecular forces.
The molecule HCl is composed of hydrogen and chlorine atom. There is high difference in electronegativities therefore, it is polar in nature. The H end of HCl is permanently slightly positive charge. The Cl end of HCl has a permanent slight negative charge. the "H" in one molecule is attracted to the "Cl" in a neighbor. The intermolecular force is weak compared to a covalent bond. But this dipole-dipole interaction is one of the stronger intermolecular attractions.
It also has hydrogen bonding and dispersion forces.
Dispersion forces are the weakest forces which are present in between all molecules or atoms.
Hydrogen bonds are present in molecules having at least one H-A bond where A is the strong electronegative atom (mainly F, Cl and N).
F-F = 4 - 4 = 0
Ca-F = 4 - 1 = 3.0
H-F = 4 - 2.2 = 1.8
Na-F = 4 - 0.93 = 3.07
Hence, the highest electronegativity difference is in Na-F.
The relationship between a cathode and an anode involves the transfer of electric charge between them. The cathode is the negative terminal on the battery, which has zero electric potential. The anode is the positive terminal on the battery and has the battery's maximum electric potential. Current flows from the battery's anode (positive terminal) to the cathode (negative terminal). In electron flow, electrons leave the negative side of the battery and move towards the positive side of the battery.
Hence, The relationship between a cathode and an anode involves Electrons.
ATP is a Adenosine Triphosphate.
ATP is 3 Phosphate groups attached to a Ribose attached to Adenine.
Here all the given compounds have both ionic and covalent bonds.
NaNO3 - In Sodium nitrate, Nitrate is covalently bonded as nitrogen is bonded with 3 oxygen atoms. And this nitrate is ionically bonded with sodium.
CaSO4 - In Calcium sulphate, sulphate is covalently bonded as sulphur is bonded with 4 oxygen atoms. And this sulphate is ionically bonded with calcium.
NH4Cl - In Ammonium chloride, ammonium is covalently bonded as nitrogen is bonded with 4 hydrogen atoms. And this ammonium is ionically bonded with chlorine.
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